Ṭūlūnids (Egypt, Syria), 254-292 / 868-905

الطولونيون (مصر، سوريا)، ٢٥٤-٢٩٢ / ٨٦٨-٩٠٥

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The Ṭūlūnid dynasty ruled Egypt and parts of Syria from 868 to 905 CE. Founded by Ahmad ibn Ṭūlūn, it was the first independent Muslim dynasty in Egypt, known for its administrative reforms and archit...