Hāshimite Sharīfs (Mecca, Ḥijāz, Fertile Crescent), 1253-1344 / 1827-1925

The Hāshimite Sharīfs were a prominent Arab dynasty that ruled Mecca and the Ḥijāz region, with influence extending into the Fertile Crescent. Their rule spanned two main periods: 1253–1344 and 1827–1925, during which they served as custodians of the holy cities and played a key role in regional politics. The dynasty's legacy includes their leadership in the Arab Revolt and the eventual establishment of Hashemite monarchies in Jordan and Iraq.